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Water Pumping Machine
Water pumps are used mainly for dewatering purpose to reduce downtime from large rain events. Water pumps should be evaluated based on performance, low downtime, durability and price. Having a better understanding of water pumps will be important to reduce operational costs, increase the durability of your pump and the systems overall performance.
Two Classes of Water Pump Types
There are two general types of water pumps: centrifugal pumps and positive displacement design type. Both types follow the same purpose, which is to move water from one point to another continuously. These two major components have a wide variety of options that might be used depending on your project specific needs.
Centrifugal Water Pump
A centrifugal water pump uses a rotating impeller to move water into the pump and pressurize the discharge flow. Standard, trash, and submersible models are three different alternatives to centrifugal water pumps. All liquids can be pumped using centrifugal water pumps, even liquid with low viscosity. These pumps work great with thin liquids and high flow rates.
When Can They Be Used?
Centrifugal pumps are used on these 6 applications, just to name a few:
Buildings: To pump water supply, including pneumatic systems and in places where no suction lift is required.
Boost Application: To boost pressure from the intake line.
Wells: In domestic water supply systems
Fire Protection System: To provide a continuous pressure source, but these water pumps should be in compliance with NFPA.
Hot-Water Circulation: To move water in a closed system which requires low head.
Sump Pits: Either vertical or horizontal water pumps. Units are operated by an automatic switch controlled by the float.
Positive Displacement Water Pumps
Positive displacement designs are the ones which deliver a fixed amount of flow through the mechanical contraction and expansion of a flexible diaphragm. These pumps are ideal in many industries that manage high viscosity liquids, or where sensitive solids are also present. Recommended water pumps to be used for low flow and high-pressure combination or other applications.
Positive displacement water pumps or rotary pump are very efficient, due to the fact that they remove air from the lines, thus eliminating the need to bleed the air from the lines. In addition, these pumps are great when dealing with high viscosity liquids. As any equipment, positive displacement water pumps also present some drawbacks. These types of pumps require that the clearance between the rotating pump and the outer edge must be very close. This causes that the rotation occurs at very slow speeds; otherwise, if the pump is operated at higher speed, the liquids might erode and will eventually reduce the efficiency of the water pump.
Features Of Water Pump
Here are 4 important things to take into consideration:
Power: It is important to know the flow rate and horsepower of the pump to be used
Material: Pumps need to be made of a weather-resistant material depending on the place where the pump will be installed
Motor Type: You can choose between power, gas, diesel, hydraulic or manual types.
Head: Knowing the total head discharge or how powerful the pump can be is important depending on the application for which the pump will be used.
Functions of Water Pump
Water pumps are simple devices. They force coolant through the engine block, hoses and radiator to remove the heat the engine produces. It is most commonly driven off the crankshaft pulley or in some cases the pump is gear-driven off the crankshaft. The coolant trapped between the impeller blades is thrown outward from centrifugal force. A suction (vacuum) is created in the center area of the pump housing. Coolant is drawn from the radiator via the lower radiator hose into the water pump. The coolant is then circulated through the engine where it picks up heat from the combustion process and then is sent back into the radiator where the heat is transferred to outside air. Warranty analysis reveals the most common causes of water pump failures are due to contaminated fluid, excessive vibration or unbalanced loads. Contaminated fluid can contain abrasive materials that cause premature failure of the water pump shaft seal. Vibration or unbalanced loads can include improperly torqued or loose mounting bolts, bent or distorted pulleys, bent, cracked or improperly mounted fan assembly, defective fan clutch (if applicable) or improperly torqued belts.
Failures from vibration or unbalanced loads can often be catastrophic, usually ending in shaft failures. When shaft failures occur, the fan/pulley assemblies can cause extensive damage to surrounding components.
Shaft failures can be put into two categories: heat stress fractures and clean instantaneous fractures. Heat stress fractures indicate excessively high temperatures generated by centrifugal forces due to unbalance. The shaft overheats and eventually fails. Clean instantaneous fractures occur from the engine being rapidly accelerated with an unbalanced load. The combination of these two forces shears the shaft in half.
Always carefully inspect all moving components for cracks, looseness, or missing components prior to installation of the replacement water pump. Check the alignment of the pulley assemblies and torque the drive belts to the correct specifications. Replace any component suspected of problems. Thoroughly flush the cooling system prior to replacement of the water pump and install new antifreeze from a sealed container. Fill and bleed the system according to the manufacturer's service procedure.
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